Trial
Once the Pre-Trial Chamber confirms the charges, the case advances to the Trial phase, overseen by a new Trial Chamber of three judges. This is the central stage of the ICC process where the Court determines the guilt or innocence of the accused.
Trial Proceedings
The trial is structured to ensure a fair and transparent examination of all relevant facts. It includes the following stages:
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Opening Statements
The Prosecution and Defense deliver opening remarks outlining their respective cases, strategies, and major arguments. - Presentation of Evidence
- Examination of witnesses, including victims and experts
- Introduction of documentary, forensic, or digital materials
- Opportunity for cross-examination and raising legal objections
- Closing Statements
Each side summarizes their position, highlighting the most persuasive evidence and undermining the other side’s case.
Judicial Deliberation
Following the presentation of all evidence:
- Each judge drafts an independent opinion on the facts and legal findings.
- A majority decision is issued determining guilt or innocence.
- A minority opinion may be written if one judge disagrees.
- If found guilty, the chamber proceeds to issue a sentence, which may include imprisonment, reparations, or fines.
Roles in the Simulation
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Trial Judge 1, 2, & 3
Review evidence, assess credibility, and deliver majority (or dissenting) opinions on guilt and sentencing. -
ICC Prosecutor 1
Presents the Prosecution’s case-in-chief, including witnesses and physical evidence. -
ICC Prosecutor 2
Responds to Defense objections and handles cross-examination strategy. -
Defense Lawyer 1
Leads the Defense case and disputes the charges with witness and expert support. -
Defense Lawyer 2
Focuses on legal arguments and procedural challenges, including fairness and admissibility concerns.